Journal: International Journal of Molecular Sciences

Article Title: TOMM40 Genetic Variants Cause Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer’s Disease

doi: 10.3390/ijms24044085

Figure Lengend Snippet: TOMM40 genetic variants induce the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in microglial cells, leading to cell death of hippocampal neurons. ( A ) Compared to control cells or cells expressing WT TOMM40, BV2 microglial cells’ expression of (F113L) or (F131L) TOMM40 significantly increased secretion of pro-inflammatory IL-1β, IL-6, or TNF-α in culture medium of BV2 microglial cells. ( B ) Culture medium (CM) of HT22 hippocampal neurons was replaced with CM from BV2 microglial cells transfected with cDNA of WT, (F113L) or (F131L) TOMM40. One day after replacement, CM of BV2 microglia cells expressing mutant (F113L) or (F131L) TOMM40 significantly reduced cell viability of HT22 hippocampal neurons. Each bar represents mean ± S.D. of four experiments. Each experiment was performed in triplicate. * p < 0.05 or ** p < 0.01 compared to control BV2 microglial cells or HT22 hippocampal neurons.

Article Snippet: BV2 mouse microglial cells and HT22 mouse hippocampal neuronal cells were purchased from Elabscience (Cat. EP-ML-0697 and EP-CL-0493) and maintained in a DMEM medium containing 10% FBS.

Techniques: Control, Expressing, Transfection, Mutagenesis

Journal: Cell

Article Title: Multimodal charting of molecular and functional cell states via in situ electro-sequencing

doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.023

Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Schematics illustrating in situ electro-seq of neural patches. (B) Representative voltage traces showing spike-bursting dynamics of mouse hippocampal neurons (i) with the bursting activity (ii) and single spike train (iii) highlighted. (C) Detected spike trains from continuous recording (left panel) and single spikes (right panel) from the dashed box highlighted region. (D) Overlapped 3D cell-type and electrode maps. Grey color labels each individual electrode. (E) Identified electrically recorded neurons. Colors label spikes identified from each neuron highlighted by white arrows. Zoomed-in image shows one neuron that was simultaneously recorded by four electrodes. (F) UMAP visualizations of all the sequenced cells. (G) Heatmap showing the electrophysiological features and marker gene expression profiles. (H) Box and dot plots showing the peak-trough ratio between excitatory and inhibitory neurons. n = 20 for excitatory neurons, n = 15 for inhibitory neurons, ** p < 0.01, two-tailed, unpaired t test.

Article Snippet: Mouse primary hippocampal neurons , Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , C57BL/6 mice.

Techniques: In Situ, Activity Assay, Marker, Gene Expression, Two Tailed Test

Journal: Cell

Article Title: Multimodal charting of molecular and functional cell states via in situ electro-sequencing

doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2023.03.023

Figure Lengend Snippet: KEY RESOURCES TABLE

Article Snippet: Mouse primary hippocampal neurons , Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard , C57BL/6 mice.

Techniques: Recombinant, Microscopy, In Situ, Sequencing, Software

Journal: Theranostics

Article Title: Upregulation of neuronal PGC-1α ameliorates cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion

doi: 10.7150/thno.37119

Figure Lengend Snippet: Decreased expression of hippocampal PGC-1α in the mice with chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Wild-type mice were used to establish the VaD model with the chronic cerebral hypoperfusion induced by BCAS. ( A ) Evaluation of learning ability for BCAS and sham mice using MWM test. Mean escape latency was longer in the BCAS group at the place navigation stage, revealing the impaired spatial learning ability. ( B ) qRT-PCR analysis showed a significant reduction in the mRNA expressions of mitochondrial antioxidants in the hippocampus of BCAS group compared to the sham group. ( C ) The mRNA expressions of hippocampal UCPs were also significantly down-regulated in the BCAS group. The levels of hippocampal PGC-1α mRNA ( D ) and protein ( E ) expressions were both significantly down-regulated in the BCAS group. ( F ) Representative images of immunofluorescent staining clearly showed the decreased PGC-1α expressions in the hippocampal CA1 areas of BCAS mice. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 as determined by two-way ANOVA ( A ) or Mann-Whitney U test ( B-E ). n = 6 in each group.

Article Snippet: HT-22 cells, an immortalized mouse hippocampal neuron cell line, were cultured in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM) (10-009-CVR, Corning) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Life Technologies, Vienna, Austria) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Life Technologies) in 5% CO 2 at 37°C.

Techniques: Expressing, Quantitative RT-PCR, Staining, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Theranostics

Article Title: Upregulation of neuronal PGC-1α ameliorates cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion

doi: 10.7150/thno.37119

Figure Lengend Snippet: PGC-1α induces hippocampal BDNF expression after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. Representative images of brain sections immunostained for BDNF ( A, B ), and Western blots for BDNF ( C ) showed that BDNF protein was significantly downregulated in WT+BCAS and PGC-1α f/f +BCAS groups compared to the sham group. By contrast, BDNF was up-regulated in the nPGC-1α+BCAS group. ( D, E ) Immunostaining in hippocampal CA1 area showed that there was only a downward trend for the numbers of NeuN-positive neurons in the WT+BCAS and PGC-1α f/f +BCAS groups compared to the sham and nPGC-1α+BCAS groups. *p<0.05 as determined by one-way ANOVA. n = 5 in each group.

Article Snippet: HT-22 cells, an immortalized mouse hippocampal neuron cell line, were cultured in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM) (10-009-CVR, Corning) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Life Technologies, Vienna, Austria) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Life Technologies) in 5% CO 2 at 37°C.

Techniques: Expressing, Western Blot, Immunostaining

Journal: Theranostics

Article Title: Upregulation of neuronal PGC-1α ameliorates cognitive impairment induced by chronic cerebral hypoperfusion

doi: 10.7150/thno.37119

Figure Lengend Snippet: PGC-1α attenuates the activation of microglia in hippocampus. ( A ) Immunofluorescent staining of the CD68-positive microglia in the hippocampal CA1 areas of the WT+BCAS, PGC-1α f/f +BCAS, nPGC-1α+BCAS and sham mice after chronic cerebral hypoperfusion. ( B ) The percent of the CD68-positive microglia. *p<0.05, **p<0.01 as determined by one-way ANOVA. n = 6 in each group.

Article Snippet: HT-22 cells, an immortalized mouse hippocampal neuron cell line, were cultured in Eagle's Minimum Essential Medium (EMEM) (10-009-CVR, Corning) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Life Technologies, Vienna, Austria) and 1% penicillin/streptomycin (Life Technologies) in 5% CO 2 at 37°C.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Staining